fabien eboussi boulaga citation

F. Eboussi Boulaga, Christianity Without Fetish: An African Critique and Recapture of Christianity, trans. As a religious movement rooted in action, Christianity is rooted in translation, especially the translation of the central narrative that informs the movement, as seen in the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament. By taking as point of departure the…. The Banquet of Ecumenical Theology The Banquet of Ecumenical Theology Irwin, Dale T. 1991-01-01 00:00:00 Footnotes 1 Cain Hope Felder, Troubling Biblical Waters: Race, Class, and Family , Maryknoll, NY, Orbis Books, 1989, has provided a critique of the Eurocentric character of biblical studies. This imposition led to the destruction of indigenous imagination, alienating the people from themselves in the process. Toward a Translation Case, Continued: Preliminary Comments on Fabien Eboussi Boulaga's "Muntu in Crisis" (III) Published 3 octobre 2021 Eboussi Boulaga Leave a Comment Étiquettes : Eboussi Boulaga, La crise du Muntu, Muntu in Crisis, Robert R. Barr Mudimbe and new postscript by author ; [translated from the French by Robert R. Barr]. The diviner fell into a trance and pronounced the sacred name “Ngobo, the God of heaven and earth.”12 The name for God could not be translated without surrendering to the indigenous language and culture of the people. QUELQUES CITATIONS SUR LA PHILOSOPHIE AFRICAINE. Public users are able to search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter without a subscription. The largest part of this book is devoted to maps and schemes, presenting the institutional . Prolegomena to Economics as an African Science: A Philosophical Meditation, Economics, Catholic University of Yaounde, Transformation of African Farm-Cum-Family Structures, The Economics of Marriage in North Africa: A Unifying Theoretical Framework, The Theory of the Firm in the African Context, Development as Diffusion: Manufacturing Productivity and Africa’s Missing Middle, Employment, Unemployment, and Underemployment in Africa, Poverty: Shifting Fortunes and New Perspectives, Inclusive Growth and Developmental Governance: The Next African Frontiers, Economics and the Study of Corruption in Africa, Thoughts on Development: The African Experience, The Idea of Economic Development: Views from Africa. The Koran Interpreted has 19 ratings and 6 reviews. To access this article, please, Access everything in the JPASS collection, Download up to 10 article PDFs to save and keep, Download up to 120 article PDFs to save and keep. As a model, therefore, Jesus Christ can only be enacted rather than believed. Partant de ce fait que la philosophie africaine connaît aujourd’hui un important développement et fait l’objet de nombreuses publications, l’auteur examine le champ de questions et l’espace de débat que constitue l’activité ... Une affaire à suivre, Karthala, 2009 [1993]. Le philosophe Fabien Eboussi Boulaga disait dans l'un de ses cours à propos de la découverte de l'Afrique : . Indeed, it seems that Sanneh takes the story of Christianity at face value; that is, he takes the story of the Christian faith as told in the Bible as the dynamic that animates the transmission of the gospel across time and space. It is what he did, by creating a community, that transcends blood ties. X, No. These churches do not see any “opposition between membership in the tribe and incorporation into the church. Thus, rather than blaming the missionaries as people who destroyed non-Western cultures, Sanneh saw them as people who achieved more than they intended through their painstaking work of translation. An article from journal Études littéraires africaines (Mongo Beti : l'exilé de retour et l'épreuve du réel), on Érudit. Further, because the engagement of Boulaga’s work in this article focuses on his Christic model, this article mainly draws from the text in which this model is developed, his Christianity Without Fetish (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1984), and related sources. Mahougnon Sinsin. Citation Alert; Email Share; Share; Share; Collapse; Expand; Fabien Eboussi Boulaga's Fight Against Fetishism in Exchange. This is even more so in the case of the African Independent Churches which have received extensive study in the discourse of world Christianity and which Boulaga sees as a striking manifestation of the Christic model. Fabien Eboussi Boulaga n'a jamais été une idole. Fabien Eboussi Boulaga (17 January 1934 - 13 October 2018) was a Cameroonian philosopher.. Born in 1934 in Bafia, Eboussi Boulaga earned his high school diploma from the Akono Minor Seminary (South Cameroon), before joining the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) in 1955. La cristologia di olegario González de cardedal: Un solido ed esauriente strumento per lo studio E la contemplazione Del mistero di gesù cristo oggi. This story, he thinks, is a story of how imperial domination is resisted through the rethinking of particular identities. Il y parlait avec ce calme, cette rigueur et cette précision qui le caractérisaient. However, Boulaga’s claim that we should begin thinking about Jesus from his acts rather than from what has come to be believed about him seems quite apposite. Dalhousie French Studies Citation Et Philosophie. The reinterpretation of the translated edition of Boulaga’s book notwithstanding the translation still captures dynamics of Boulaga’s thought. It is tradition’s reconquest, its recovery from forgetfulness, routine, conformism, and betrayal. Philip Jenkins, The New Faces of Christianity: Believing the Bible in the Global South (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), x. En effet, dans ces romans, comme dans le "récit" de Fabien Eboussi Boulaga, ce qui est visé, c'est un langage ou un discours nouveau, Rent and save from the world's largest eBookstore. Sanneh and the Emergence of World Christianity, https://jesuitespao.com/2018/10/16/prof-fabien-eboussi-boulaga-1934-2018-former-jesuit-philosopher-and/, https://electricliterature.com/how-literary-translation-can-shift-the-tides-of-power/, https://doi.org/10.1163/1572543X-12341557. 11. Hormis les textes d'entre et de conclusion qui manent de deux de ses interviews, les contributions sont regroupes en quatre parties. Boulaga, on the other hand, mythologizes and radically historicizes Jesus, focusing on his immanent possibilities for Africa today. Grégoire Biyogo. E-ISSN: 1572-543X Print ISSN: 0166-2740 Publisher: Brill Search. Quels sont les mécanismes, les enjeux, les modalités et les facteurs explicatifs de la communication de l'Etat dans les pays d'Afrique ? Fétichisme et prosélytisme by: Eboussi Boulaga, Fabien 1934-2018 Published: (2004) The Fetish Revisited: Marx, Freud, and the Gods Black People Make by: Lloyd, Vincent W. 1982-, et al. Admiration de Fabien Eboussi Boulaga. Teaching is the formulation of an operari, of work performed upon oneself and others in order to bring things, and oneself as well, to actualization.” In other words, it is an aberration to begin with the teaching of Jesus without realizing that the teaching of Jesus, or the message of Jesus “is the description of concrete actions, of the realization of a destiny.”23 Eugène Goussikindey, a Jesuit and one of the best interpreters of Boulaga, has noted that Boulaga believed that Jesus taught through what is called “words of deeds.”24 Thus, what Jesus taught is not so much what he said and what needs to be believed but is rather what he did by creating a community that is rooted in the particular but transcends the particular at the same time. Fabien Eboussi Boulaga. PRINTED FROM OXFORD HANDBOOKS ONLINE (www.oxfordhandbooks.com). You can email a link to this page to a colleague or librarian: The link was not copied. Goussikindey, “The Christic Model of Eboussi Boulaga,” 66-67. Sanneh’s work, especially as evidenced in his Translating the Message, was precisely intended to dispute this narrative of Christianity as a religion that was imposed on the people and which had alienated them in the process. For more on Lamin Sanneh’s life and work, see his autobiographical work, Summoned from the Margin: Homecoming of an African (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2012). This is probably why the Christic model developed in his Christianity Without Fetish may be placed within the framework of his earlier book, Le crise du Muntu, which attempted to develop, philosophically, an African way of being in the world that may transcend western colonial domination as obtained in both theology and philosophy. Choose the best match for your order. 1946) November 2 - Herbert Fingarette, American philosopher (b. S. They write that “in emphasizing the autonomy and cultural specificity of local Christianities, this scholarship largely neglects the older interwar sense of word Christianity as an international community of Christians.”. Sanneh tells this story in Translating the Message, 239 and in “Bible Translation, Culture, and Religion,” in The Wiley Blackwell Companion to World Christianity, (eds.). It starts with a discussion of the relationships between the general dynamics of economics, history, and society and explores the ways in which economic ideas and proposition are received in the specific context of Africa, what interactions and transformations take place (i.e., according to what principles of selection), and what arguments and dynamic justifications are used to reinterpret and even “recreate” the continent as an economic entity. Emphasis in original. For many Christians, Jesus Christ is not a mythic figure but rather a divine being in whose specific life the life of God is revealed. Because God cannot be known in God’s self, no statement or object can be regarded as the revelation of God. Wilhelm Vosskamp - - Utopian Studies 15 1: Aufl edition Language: Edit this record Mark as duplicate Export citation Find it on Scholar Request removal from index Translate to english Revision history. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 241( 11 ) P. HOUNTONDJI , cité par SMET , Histoire de la Philosophie Africaine Contemporaine , 0. C. , p . 171 . ... Certes la rigoureuse critique du Professeur Fabien Eboussi Boulaga ( Le bantou problématique ) est publiée en 1968. In seeking to understand how to translate the text, the missionaries often had to defer to the indigenous people, in effect surrendering the message of the Bible to the indigenous people. Can Astro Nuts VeggieTales Mission Possible Adventure Series I pay someone to write my research paper according to my requirements?. Source for information on Sage Philosophy: New Dictionary of the History of Ideas dictionary. Le Camerounais Fabien Eboussi Boulaga propose de délaisser l'anecdotique de la conférence nationale pour n'en tenir que la portée universelle. On ne peut rien trouver dans ce caractère qui rappelle l'homme » FRIEDICH HEGEL. (…) Instead, what must be broken with and rejected is evil, symbolized by sorcery. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. During the war, both sides mobilized huge forces along their common borders and spent several hundred million dollars on military equipment. The link was not copied. - 2012 - Lincom Europa. It argues that their reinterpretation of Christianity is designed to develop an imagination of resistance in the context of western domination in Africa. It is tradition rediscovered as constitutive spontaneity, as a gushing spring.”29 Just as Jesus rediscovered, critiqued, and transcended his tradition from within, so too may contemporary African followers of Jesus rediscover their own tradition and repeat them in a non-identical manner. Thus, like Karl Barth, Boulaga emphasizes the hiddenness of God but unlike Barth he does not claim that God can only be known through God’s freedom to reveal God’s self. This translated Christianity that undermines colonial domination finds one of its greatest expositions in the work of Eboussi Boulaga. The first chapter discusses the popular but complex term "modernization" and midern at a working definition of it. (Eugen Grosche) Member feedback about Western esotericism: In the wake of the Conference he founded the Fraternitas Saturni in Member feedback about Eugeen Grau: Albin Grau topic Albin Grau December 22, - March 27, was a German artist, architect and groscge, and the producer and production designer for F. Mysticism Revolvy Brain revolvybrain Religion Haboolmksinaalgat. Your project arrives fully formatted and ready to submit. Sanneh originally was from Gambia but did most of his work in Europe and the United States, especially at Harvard and Yale where he taught missions and world Christianity. Date accessed: 20 Februari 2020. You could not be signed in, please check and try again. The Christianity of our time is therefore a “vernacular translation movement,” which has exploded pluralistically.10, The subtitle of Sanneh’s Translating the Message is The Missionary Impact on Culture. This surrender to non-Western languages and cultures in transmitting the Christian religion, Sanneh avers, “was a significant victory for history’s underdogs.”11. Boulaga, Christianity Without Fetish, 103. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 273EBOUSSI - BOULAGA , Fabien , « La démission » , Spiritus , 15 ( 1974 ) , p . 276287 . EJIZU , Chr . I. , « Un dialogue qui va à l'essentiel » , Spiritus , 133 ( 1993 ) ( citation de C.B. Okolo , p . 442 ) . ELA , Jean - Marc , « Le rôle ... Book. Sanneh came to make the distinction between world Christianity and global Christianity through the route of translation. This article brings together reflections on the recent debates regarding the decolonization of philosophical and social scientific curricula at South African universities. L'attention des chercheurs s'est portée sur les intellectuels africains des années 50-70. We boast of having 8.5/10 current average quality score and the real-life . This may lead to the perception that there is competition between the Christianity of the global north and the global south rather than conceptualizing world Christianity as polycentric or multi-centered.33 While this critique appears valid, it should however be noted that the binary which Sanneh appears to see in the structure of world Christianity is not one that he created. Sanneh, however, does not see this as counting against the missionaries since their translation work fertilized the ground for the religion to sprout in their absence. Sage philosophy is a body of knowledge attributed to wise men and women in communities and is regarded to be philosophically significant for both its content and its critical approach to the sustenance and growth of knowledge at the communal level. Club de littérature d art et de philosophie CEM Abdoulaye Mathurin DIOP. cit. Public users are able to search the site and view the abstracts and keywords for each book and chapter without a subscription. Boulaga, Christianity Without Fetish, 64. 1 was here. Keywords: economic science, rationality, economic production, geographic location, economics, history, society, Africa, development economics, economic development. 31/12/2018. The research behind the writing is always 100% original, and the writing is guaranteed free of plagiarism. Semaine Fabien Eboussi (17 janvier 1935-13 octobre 2018) 11-17 janvier 2021. John Parratt, Reinventing Christianity, 121. The Jesus movement was in this sense against Sadduceeism, and it is for this reason that the Sadducees would plot to kill Jesus. On mesure son importance lorsque le temps a fait son œuvre. For Israel, this context raised the question of the relationship between the particular and the universal, the question of how Israel was to think of itself as a people in a situation where they were being forced to think beyond their particular existence as a people. Fabien Eboussi Boulaga - 1977 - Editions Présence Africaine. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 268... de cerner les options ou exigences premières qui gouvernent la pratique philosophique de Fabien Eboussi Boulaga pour ... Comme le suggère cette citation qui focalise l'attention sur la manière d'être de l'initié , laquelle fonde son ... rythmes, elle a la puissance d'évoquer pour nous des possibilités d'existence que notre monde ou notre société ne réalise pas. See Sanneh, “Bible Translation,” 308-308. 1921) L'ho­ri­zon […] est celui de l'homme lui- même, qui ne pour­ra de­ve­nir hu­main qu'en se ré­af­fir­mant à tra­vers son dé­pas­se­ment cos­mique de lui- même, c'est- à- dire en re­lan­çant le com­bat ger­mi­nal du . Boulaga, Christianity Without Fetish, 55, 192-194. Philosophe et chercheur rigoureux dans divers domaines des sciences sociales, Fabien Eboussi Boulaga s'est imposé dès ses premiers travaux comme un maître à penser. Also see Cabrita and Maxwell, “Introduction: Relocating World Christianity,” 1-45. Regard sur la philosophie africaine contemporaine. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 48révélation et domination : essai Fabien Eboussi Boulaga ... Dans la citation faite plus haut , on voit poindre une menace : ce qui s'oppose au christianisme ou risque de le tourner en dérision peut et doit être détruit . Il y a trois jours, pourtant, je réécoutais, quasi religieusement, deux de ses conférences sur Internet. After we get all the information, we find the best expert for your MUNTU IN CRISIS: African Authenticity And Philosophy|Fabien Eboussi Boulaga work. Recognizing this does not mean that Sanneh may not be faulted for continuing this binary. Goussikindey, “The Christic Model of Eboussi Boulaga,” 90. . C'est pour cela que les ouvrages de Franz Fanon nous touchent tant. Access to the complete content on Oxford Handbooks Online requires a subscription or purchase. October 13 - Fabien Eboussi Boulaga, Cameroonian philosopher (b. Boulaga, on the other hand, rethinks Christianity by not focusing on the faith as it has been transmitted but rather on the general human story the faith tells. This point is central to how Boulaga pushes back on the idea of Jesus Christ as revelation of God—what Christian theology calls “special revelation”. Notre auteur reproche à Fabien Eboussi Boulaga le fait de confiner l'herméneutique des dogmes chrétiens dans l'horizon des conditions socio-historiques de leur production. Pour un prêtre ordonné en 1969 ce fut, dit-on aujourd'hui, un acte de courage, comme si le courage ne venait pas forcément du cœur. This is so because when it came to translating the Bible into indigenous languages, the indigenous people were the experts while the missionaries were the novices. de prendre un coup fatal à sa démesure avec la disparition du Professeur. Translation led non-western Christianity to develop features that are different from those that sustained the faith in the western world. Request Permissions, Read Online (Free) relies on page scans, which are not currently available to screen readers. All Rights Reserved. Our experts SUPERHERO Blue Knight Episode I, Dark Ship: First Of Eight Exciting Stand Alone Episodes (Superhero Blue Knight Episodes) (Volume 1)|Allen L Pollens proofread and edit your project with a detailed eye and with complete knowledge of all writing and . and the place of origin of the manuscripts are disputed, as are the questions whether or not the Liber diurnus was composed over several stages and w. The Liber Diurnus. This book on postcolonialism by Cameroonian philosopher Charles Romain Mbele, completed in 2008, becomes especially remarkable and up-to-date in view of the present situation in North Africa. Science Logic and Mathematics. The Jesus movement therefore was a protest movement and its identity was rooted in protest. Proposition d'activités - Lundi 11 janvier 2020 : Éléments biographiques ; Aperçu général de la pensée philosophique de Fabien Eboussi Boulaga ; Partage de photos et/ou documents numériques de/sur Eboussi (pour l'usage privé et pas pour des fins . See, for example, Jan Heijke, “Fabien Eboussi Boulaga’s Fight Against Fetishism,” Exchange 30/4 (2001), 300-327; Fabien Eboussi Boulaga, “Fetishism and Proselytism,” Exchange 33/1 (2004), 20-27. Fabien Eboussi Boulaga, la philosophie du Muntu. Your current browser may not support copying via this button. They are therefore representatives of the Christic model and a picture of how the Christian faith may be appropriated in the African context.32. Ohio University Press / Swallow Press. 2 Fabien EBOUSSI BOULAGA, Les conférences nationales en Afrique noire - Une affaire à suivre, Karthala,. Gregorius, Gregor A. It proposes that a new paradigm has emerged in the work of O. Bimwenyi Kweshi, M-P. Hebga and J-M. Ela. A travers cet entretien mené par Samuel Lieven, le Recteur de la Mosquée de Bordeaux nous livre quelques-unes de ces réflexions, Imam influent de la mosqué de Bordeau, Tareq Oubrou, sous forme d'interview, nous propose sa vision de l'islam, de la cohabitation dans un pays d'obédience Critiques, citations, extraits de Un iman en colère de . Par ses images, ses symboles, sa musique, ses . The chapter also examines the philosophical foundations of development economics and discusses the autonomy of the pragmatics of development. PRINTED FROM OXFORD HANDBOOKS ONLINE (www.oxfordhandbooks.com). As Boulaga points out, “[w]hat Jesus says, he first performs. Arberry's translation has been the finest "The Koran Interpreted" is universally recognized as not only . This text was originally published as Christianisme sans fétishe (Paris: Présence Africaine, 1981). Copy this link, or click below to email it to a friend. It is a translated Christianity that often lacks power, spreading in contexts of need. COVID-19 Resources. Comment imaginer la forme de l’Etat dans sa gestion de la cohabitation tendue des ethnies sous un angle positif pour l’Afrique aujourd’hui et demain ? Sage philosophy is a body of knowledge attributed to wise men and women in communities and is regarded to be philosophically significant for both its content and its critical approach to the sustenance and growth of knowledge at the communal level. L'éveil de la conscience-Un Melchizédech. If you have purchased a print title that contains an access token, please see the token for information about how to register your code. Fabien Eboussi Boulaga (1934-) Abstract: Le prsent ouvrage prsente une analyse de la pense de Fabien Eboussi Boulaga, intellectuel et philosophe catholique originaire du Cameroun. What it suggests, however, is that such disagreement should be rooted in a careful examination of the context that necessitated the distinction. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 12403279 Interpréter le De Commentaires de citations 978-2-7116-4358-5 Br . 14,50 € Nouv . présentation . ... Bouddha : trois maîtres de 32 textes permet ensuite le Discours de la méthode ( 1637 ) Fabien Eboussi Boulaga dans la élémentaire ... Boulaga, Christianity Without Fetish, 65. For him, translation instantiated the doctrine of the incarnation through which “God’s spirit showed a remarkable willingness to move into any language and assume the garb of various cultures.”4 The first apostles, Sanneh avers, were seized by a power that emanates from the narrative of the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, a power which they proclaimed and which opened the apparently closed, Jewish natural religion to the world, making it a religion of the gentiles as well. Biography. This had to be so because the people apparently did not have the freedom to appropriate the religion the way they saw fit when the missionaries were present. 1 Fabien Eboussi Boulaga, Les conférences nationales en Afrique noire. J'apprends avec une profonde émotion la disparition à Yaoundé du philosophe Fabien Eboussi Boulaga, l'un des esprits les plus inspirants jamais rencontrés. It is not clear that Sanneh himself would have agreed with Boulaga’s rethinking of the Christian faith. The central thesis that led Sanneh to make the distinction between global Christianity and world Christianity is that translation made the Christianity of the non-western world to be more than a clone of Western Christianity. Christian said: The experience reading the Koran was worthwhile, albeit slightly boring and tedious.. . Cela faisait une trentaine d'années que je le fréquentais. For more on the debate as to whether to use the expression “world Christianity” or “global Christianity,” see Dyron B. Daughrity, To Whom Does Christianity Belong: Critical Issues in World Christianity (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2015), 9-12. Refusing to fetishize Jesus Christ, Boulaga sees him as a manifestation of a mythological moment that transcendentalizes the immanent quest for transformation at key junctures in human history. Ce livre montre que le postcolonialisme s'oppose frontalement au panafricanisme. Boulaga was trained in French and wrote in French while Sanneh was trained in English and wrote in English. In Defense of Afro-Japanese Ethnophilosophy. If world Christianity is “a variety of indigenous responses through more or less local idioms,”35 as Sanneh notes, then Boulaga’s Christic model is a clear instantiation of this dynamic. LA PHILO EN TERMINALE. So far, however, works that have problematized the distinction Sanneh makes between world Christianity and global Christianity have hardly located his work in the requisite postcolonial context.7. Sanneh, Whose Religion is Christianity?, 22. It is this Christianity that the missionaries transported to the non-western world because missionaries were often connected to the colonial ventures of their respective countries, often receiving support and protection from colonial administrations. Translation, therefore, made non-western Christians wrest the power of defining the Christian tradition from western Christians, making the faith their own in the process.8 To fault Sanneh for spoiling the original, unified vision which the first use of the expression “World Christianity” was meant to capture, as Cabrita and Maxwell do in a recent publication, is also failing to see that his description of world Christianity is participating in a postcolonial discourse of resistance, which does not allow Western Christianity to set the agenda for Christians around the world.9 For Sanneh, the power of Western Christianity to set the agenda for Christians around the world was broken through translation, thus leading to the development of new forms of Christianity around the world. To him, the critical project proposed in this book seems a necessary step on the way to "the liberation of theoretical creativity," the peoples of Africa and their full participation in the universal intellectual debate! 1993, p. 65-67. SAGE PHILOSOPHY. miles East of Cape Verde, thus "conceding" Brazil and many parts of Asia to Portugal. Through this subtitle Sanneh intended to challenge the narrative of missionary Christianity as unrelieved domination, a narrative he believed had created deep anxiety in the missionary enterprise. This article engages the work of two prominent but recently deceased scholars of African Christianity—the Gambian Lamin Sanneh and the Cameroonian Fabien Eboussi Boulaga. Boulaga’s Christic model, which portrays Jesus as a mythic hero whose exploits need to be rethought in every context, may appear heretical to many Christians. This is the story of the Black missionary Efrain Alphonse (1896-1995) who was a missionary among the Valiente Indians of Panama. Repenser la foi en tenant compte du poids de notre histoire est une affaire grave. In this context, many movements and currents emerged with proposals regarding how Israel was to construct its identity. As John Parratt has noted, Boulaga is “surely right to remind us that the Christian faith is not, in the end, a matter of credence given to disembodied dogma, but of life and of deed, and of human transformation.”34. These different groups contributed in different ways to the shaping of Jewish identity, and it was in this process that the Jesus-movement provided a description of Jewish identity that expanded Jewish identity to include the non-Jewish world in what became Christianity. This is so because the question of the relationship between the particular and the universal in the formation of identity with which the Jewish people were wrestling at the time of Jesus is similar to what Africans are facing in the modern world. Beyond the Lines: Fabien Eboussi Boulaga, a Philosophical Practice = au-Dela des Lignes: Fabien Eboussi Boulaga, Une Pratique Philosophique. In this protest and the creation of a new community lie the idea of Jesus Christ as a model: he was a model of how to engage the conflict dealing with the relationship of the particular and the universal. Sri Caitanya-caritamrta, 9-Volume Set. In this case, Sanneh’s work creates the space where Boulaga’s vision of Christianity in Africa may be taken seriously, even as Boulaga develops a theological theory that gives voice to African being in the world. This article engages the work of two prominent but recently deceased scholars of African Christianity—the Gambian Lamin Sanneh and the Cameroonian Fabien Eboussi Boulaga. Cabrita, Maxwell, and Wild-Wood, Relocating World Christianity, 19-20. By particularizing Christianity, both of them are legitimizing different ways of living the faith, pushing back on a western colonial Christianity that has been so used to seeing its particular way of conceptualizing the faith as standard.

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